typeface

在国内的印刷行业，字种主要有汉字、外文字、民族字等几种。汉字包括如宋体、楷体、黑体等等。外文字又可以依字的粗细分为白体和黑体，或依外形分为正体、斜体、花体等等。民族字是指一些少数民族所使用的文字，如蒙古文、藏文、维吾尔文、朝鲜文等。

In the domestic printing industry, there are mainly Chinese characters, foreign characters, national characters and so on. Chinese characters include Song typeface, regular script, boldface and so on. Foreign characters can be divided into white and black according to the thickness of the characters, or into normal, italic, flower and so on according to the shape. National characters refer to the characters used by some ethnic minorities, such as Mongolian, Tibetan, Uighur, Korean, etc.

字号

Font size

字号是区分文字的大小的一种衡量标准，国际上通用的是点制，在国内则是以号制为主，点制为辅。号制是采用互不成倍数的几种活字为标准的，根据加倍或减半的换算关系而自成系统，可以分为四号字系统、五号字系统、六号字系统等。字号的标称数越小，字形越大，如四号字比五号字要大，五号字又要比六号字大等。

Font size is a measure of the size of characters. The point system is commonly used internationally, while the point system is mainly used in China. The numbering system adopts several movable types that are not multiples of each other as the standard, and forms its own system according to the conversion relationship of doubling or halving. It can be divided into No. 4 system, No. 5 system, No. 6 system, etc. The smaller the nominal number of font size is, the larger the font shape is. For example, No. 4 is larger than No. 5, and No. 5 is larger than No. 6.

版面设计

layout

排版时应该根据印刷版面要求进行版面设计。比如一例书册的印制，制作时需要注意开本的大小，排版的形式（横排或竖排），正文的字体字号，每页的行数及每行的字数，字与字及行与行之间的空隙，页面的栏数及每栏的字数，栏与栏之间的间距，页码及页码的摆放位置，页眉页脚的位置及大小等。

During typesetting, the layout shall be designed according to the printing layout requirements. For example, when printing a book, attention should be paid to the size of the format, the form of typesetting (horizontal or vertical), the font and size of the text, the number of lines on each page and the number of words on each line, the gap between words and lines, the number of columns on the page and the number of words in each column, the spacing between columns, the placement position of page numbers and page numbers, the position and size of headers and footers, etc.

排版规格

Typesetting specification

在进行文字排版时，还要注意一些禁排规定，如在每段的开头要空上两个字位，在行首不能排句号、逗号、顿号、分号、冒号、问号、感叹号以及下引号、下括号、下书名号等标点符号，在行末不能排上上引号、上括号、上书名号以及中文中的序号如①②③等，数字中的分数、年份、化学分子式、数字前的正负号、温度标识符以及单音节的外文单词等，都不应该分开排在上下两行。

During text typesetting, attention should also be paid to some exclusion provisions, such as two characters should be left blank at the beginning of each paragraph, period, comma, pause, semicolon, colon, question mark, exclamation mark, lower quotation mark, lower bracket, lower book name and other punctuation marks should not be placed at the beginning of the line, and upper quotation mark, upper bracket, upper book name and Chinese serial number such as ①, ②, ③ should not be placed at the end of the line, The fraction, year, chemical formula, sign in front of the number, temperature identifier and foreign words in monosyllabic segments should not be arranged in the upper and lower lines separately.

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