According to the quality requirements and inspection methods of the industry standard CY / t.6-91 hardcover case, the hardcover case is divided into two types: full face case and joint face case. The whole book case is made of a complete cover material (such as cloth and paper). The cover material of the book case is not a whole piece. Usually, the cover and back cover are made of one material, and the book waist is made of one material (such as cloth waist paper surface, leather waist cloth surface and four corner cover).

精装书壳是由软质裱面材料，里层材料和中径纸三部分组成。

Hardcover book case is composed of soft mounting material, inner layer material and medium diameter paper.

常用的裱面材料有绸缎、人造革、漆布、塑料纸、各种织物及纸张等。里层材料，即组成、后封的材料，多采用纸板。中径纸用厚纸或纸板。书壳在展开平放时，后封中间的距离叫中径。后封的硬纸板与中径纸板中间的距离叫中缝，也称隔槽、书槽。

Common mounting materials include silk and satin, artificial leather, lacquer cloth, plastic paper, various fabrics and paper, etc. The inner layer material, that is, the composition and rear sealing material, mostly adopts paperboard. Thick paper or paperboard for medium diameter paper. When the book case is unfolded and placed horizontally, the distance between the back seal and the middle is called the middle diameter. The distance between the back sealed cardboard and the medium diameter cardboard is called the middle seam, also known as the spacer slot and the book slot.

在封及中腰正面上，一般用烫印或印刷方法印上书名、作者名、出版社名称及其它装饰性图案。中径纸能使书壳中腰坚固和富有弹性，便于烫印；在翻阅书时，中径纸是支持书芯的弹性支柱。

On the front of the seal and middle waist, the book title, author's name, publisher's name and other decorative patterns are usually printed by hot stamping or printing. Medium diameter paper can make the middle waist of the book case firm and elastic, which is convenient for hot stamping; When reading a book, medium diameter paper is an elastic support for the book block.

塑料书壳没有列入行业标准，这类书壳一般是根据出版社的要求而制作的。它是采用高频介质将塑料膜加热，按照书刊规格压制而成的整面书壳。塑料防水又耐磨，故用于经常翻阅或小开本的字典、手册、工具书之类的书刊装帧。使用时，将粘在书芯两面的硬卡纸塞在塑料封面的套层内成为书册。

Plastic book cases are not included in the industry standard. Such book cases are generally made according to the requirements of publishing houses. The utility model adopts high-frequency medium to heat the plastic film and press it according to the specifications of books and periodicals. Plastic is waterproof and wear-resistant, so it is used for binding dictionaries, manuals, reference books and so on. When in use, the hard cardboard stuck on both sides of the book block is stuffed into the sleeve layer of the plastic cover to form a book.

书壳是书刊的外衣，对于书藉来说，它一方面起着外部装饰作用，另一方面也是为了保护书籍使其具有完好的使用性。因此，书壳不仅应有美观的外表，而且还应有耐用性，制作材料便宜而不变形。为了满足人民对书刊日益增长的要求，在大批量的生产中，还要求书壳的制作及与书芯的套合，更易于实现机械化和自动化的生产。

Book case is the coat of books and periodicals. For books, on the one hand, it plays an external decorative role, on the other hand, it is also to protect books and make them have good usability. Therefore, the book case should not only have a beautiful appearance, but also have durability, and the production materials are cheap without deformation. In order to meet the people's increasing requirements for books and periodicals, in mass production, it is also required to make the book case and fit with the book block, which is easier to realize mechanized and automatic production.

书壳制作工艺

Book case making technology

1.封面纸板的裁切

1. Cutting of cover paperboard

我国生产的精装书籍、画册等封面用纸板为平张纸板，其尺寸为1350mm×920mm。在裁切纸板时，先应从四边裁去10mm左右的纸板边，而后根据书刊的开本尺寸，计算出书壳纸板的尺寸，按经济的排列方案，并尽可能地使书籍的书背沿纸板纤维的纵纹进行裁切。目裁切纸板除用单面切纸机外，还用与纸板压平烘干机连接使用的圆刀式切纸机。

The paperboard for the cover of hardcover books and picture albums produced in China is flat paperboard, with a size of 1350mm × 920mm。 When cutting the paperboard, first cut the paperboard edge of about 10mm from the four sides, and then calculate the size of the book shell paperboard according to the size of the book, according to the economic arrangement scheme, and cut the back of the book along the longitudinal grain of the paperboard fiber as far as possible. In addition to the single-sided paper cutter, the circular knife paper cutter connected with the paperboard flattening dryer is also used for cutting paperboard.

2.书壳制作工艺

2. Book case making process

根据不同的开本及书芯厚度，将裁好的纸板、封面裱装材料及中径按一定的规格粘合在一起的工艺过程称为制书壳。所使用的设备称为制书壳机或糊封机。使用制书壳机可以制作整面书壳，也可以制作接面书壳。

According to different sizes and book block thickness, the process of bonding the cut paperboard, cover mounting materials and pitch diameter together according to certain specifications is called book case making. The equipment used is called bookcase making machine or paste sealing machine. Using the case making machine, you can make the whole case or the joint case.

制书壳机主要由刷胶机构，封面、纸板、中径纸输送机构，包边、包角机构，压实及输送机构等组成。完成从输料到精装书壳制作完成的部工作。

The bookcase making machine is mainly composed of glue brushing mechanism, cover, paperboard and medium diameter paper conveying mechanism, edging and corner wrapping mechanism, compaction and conveying mechanism, etc. Complete the department work from material conveying to hardcover case production.

书壳制作完成以后，还必需经过干燥，以排除糊封时粘接剂中的水分，保证下工序的正常进行。干燥的方法有自然干燥和人工干燥两种。自然干燥时间较长，一般要一天多的时间。人工干燥时间短，可以采用流通的空气吹干，或者采用红外干燥、高频干燥等。我国的印刷厂大多使用自然干燥法。

After the book case is made, it must also be dried to eliminate the moisture in the adhesive during paste sealing and ensure the normal progress of the next process. There are two drying methods: natural drying and artificial drying. Natural drying time is longer, generally more than a day. The artificial drying time is short. Circulating air can be used for drying, or infrared drying, high-frequency drying, etc. Most printing plants in China use natural drying method.