印刷的历史悠久，知识也繁琐细碎，为了让读者了解掌握印刷这门重要的艺术，今天济南印刷厂小编特意从与印刷息息相关的温度着手，归纳讲述四种常见的常温印刷方式，以一目了然的示例、通俗易懂的文字，让每个人都能站在印刷的起跑线。

Printing has a long history and complicated knowledge. In order to let readers understand and master the important art of printing, today's small editor of Jinan Printing Factory specially starts with the temperature closely related to printing, and summarizes four common normal temperature printing methods, so that everyone can stand at the starting line of printing with clear examples and easy-to-understand words.

平版印刷

Lithography

平版印刷是目前商业印刷中普遍的印刷技术，即利用水、油互不相溶的原理，通过印版与橡皮滚筒的作用，将图文转印到承印物上。这种方式不仅使印版的磨损减少，提高印刷的速度与精度，且对表面材质不同的承印物也有很好的适用性。

Offset printing is a common printing technology in current commercial printing, that is, the principle of water and oil immiscibility. Through the action of printing plate and rubber drum, the image and text are transferred to the substrate. This method not only reduces the wear of printing plate, improves the speed and accuracy of printing, but also has good applicability for substrates with different surface materials.

平版印刷印版上的图形是正向的，在印刷过程中，印版空白部分先由湿润装置涂布均匀适量的水，以形成水膜保护空白处不受油墨影响；接着图文部分通过着墨机构吸附上油墨，随后在压力的作用下，油墨转移到橡皮滚筒，再经滚筒转印复制到承印材料上，从而达到印刷的目的。平版印刷因此也是一种间接印刷的方式。

The graphics on the lithographic printing plate are positive. During the printing process, the blank part of the printing plate is coated with a uniform amount of water by the wetting device to form a water film to protect the blank part from the influence of the ink; Next, the image and text parts absorb the ink through the inking mechanism, and then under the pressure, the ink is transferred to the rubber drum, and then transferred to the printing material through the drum transfer, so as to achieve the purpose of printing. Therefore, lithography is also a way of indirect printing.

凸版印刷

relief printing

凸版印刷早来源于石拓与印章，是历史久远的印刷方式。其特征是图文部分高于空白部分，因此印刷机的油墨装置往印版均匀转移油墨时，只有图文部分才能附上油墨，空白部分则不会有油墨；接着承印物被送到印版与压印滚筒之间，在印刷压力的作用下，图文部分的油墨顺利转移到承印物上。

Relief printing, which originated from stone and seal, is a printing method with a long history. Its characteristic is that the image and text part is higher than the blank part, so when the ink device of the printing machine uniformly transfers ink to the printing plate, only the image and text part can be attached with ink, and the blank part will not have ink; Then the substrate is sent between the printing plate and the impression cylinder. Under the effect of printing pressure, the ink in the image and text part is transferred to the substrate smoothly.

由于印刷压力比较大，在印刷文字、线条与一些纹路比较复杂的图案时，凸版印刷有很好的表现力，轻微凸起的印痕更能增加印刷品的质感。凸版印刷的墨色浓厚饱满，彩色饱和，黑色沉稳，能印刷表面粗糙的承印物。

Because of the high pressure of printing, letterpress printing has a good expressive force when printing characters, lines and some patterns with complex patterns. Slightly raised prints can increase the texture of the printed matter. The ink color of relief printing is thick and full, the color is saturated, the black is stable, and it can print the substrate with rough surface.

凹版印刷

gravure

与凸版印刷相反，凹版印刷的印版图文部分低于空白部分。自15世纪的欧洲开始，从手工雕刻金属版，到腐蚀凹版、机械雕刻凹版，到更后的激光雕刻凹版与电子束雕刻凹版，凹版印刷一直发展，其印刷品色彩稳定丰富，能准确还原色彩，不易仿造，因此多用于防伪及纸钞印刷。

Contrary to letterpress printing, the image and text part of the gravure printing plate is lower than the blank part. Since the 15th century in Europe, gravure printing has been developing from hand-carved metal plates, to corrosion gravure, mechanical engraving gravure, to laser engraving gravure and electron beam engraving gravure. Its printing products are stable and rich in color, can accurately restore color, and is not easy to copy, so it is mainly used for anti-counterfeiting and banknote printing.

凹版的图文部分凹陷于零线，印刷时凹陷的图文部分被填满油墨，刮墨刀继而把空白部分的油墨刮掉，承印物被放在印版与压印滚筒之间，经由压力把凹陷中的油墨转移到承印物上。图文部分的凹陷深浅不同，较深的地方油墨较多，压印后的承印物墨层比较厚，故而颜色也比较深；反之，凹陷较浅的地方印出来颜色就比较淡。所以图文的深浅是由凹版的凹陷深浅来决定的。

The image and text part of the gravure plate is sunken at the zero line. When printing, the sunken image and text part is filled with ink. The ink scraper then scrapes off the ink in the blank part. The substrate is placed between the printing plate and the impression cylinder, and the ink in the sunken part is transferred to the substrate through pressure. The depth of the depression in the image and text is different. There are more inks in the deeper places. The ink layer of the substrate after the embossing is thicker, so the color is also darker; On the contrary, the lighter part of the depression will be printed with lighter color. Therefore, the depth of the image and text is determined by the concave depth of the intaglio.

丝网印刷

screen printing

丝网印刷属于孔版印刷的一种，名字源于丝网印版。丝网印刷的网版并非一定要用丝质绸布，其他如棉网、金属网等都可以使用。现在大多使用化学纤维织成的绸布，相比丝网布更耐用，所以丝网印刷也叫作“网版印刷”或简称“网印”。丝网印版制作原理非常简单，把空白部分的丝网孔堵住，留下图文部分。印刷时把印版置于承印物之上固定，利用刮板刮压，油墨通过图文部分的网孔转印到承印物上。

Screen printing is a kind of hole printing, and its name comes from screen printing. It is not necessary to use silk cloth for screen printing. Other types of screen printing, such as cotton screen and metal screen, can be used. Nowadays, most of the silk fabrics woven with chemical fibers are more durable than the screen fabrics, so screen printing is also called "screen printing" or "screen printing" for short. The production principle of screen printing plate is very simple. The screen hole in the blank part is blocked, leaving the image and text part. When printing, the printing plate is fixed on the substrate, scraped and pressed with a scraper, and the ink is transferred to the substrate through the mesh of the graphic part.

丝网印刷设备简单，操作方便，承印的载体更是比其他三种印刷要广泛，除了一般的纸张以外，塑料制品、金属、布面、皮革及玻璃等材质也可用于丝网印刷。其承印物可以是硬物，也可以是软物，可以是平面，也可以是弯曲球面、凹凸面等。

The screen printing equipment is simple, easy to operate, and the printing carrier is more extensive than the other three types of printing. In addition to ordinary paper, plastic products, metal, cloth, leather, glass and other materials can also be used for screen printing. Its substrate can be hard or soft, can be flat, can also be curved spherical surface, concave and convex surface, etc.

了解印刷理论是一回事，而熟悉印刷操作又是另一回事。就算你能把印刷知识倒背如流，也不能保证在环环相扣的印刷流程中不会“翻车”，何况印刷材料和工艺推陈出新，灵感不断叩击创意的天花板，你总摁不住想进行印刷实验的手。因此，在印刷作品的设计中，印刷经验的分享是十分重要的，特别是前人在印刷事故多发路段竖起的警示牌和极限风景的探险攻略。更多相关内容就来我们网站http://www.xinfengyinshua.cn咨询！

It is one thing to understand printing theory, and another to be familiar with printing operation. Even if you can recite the printing knowledge, you can't guarantee that you won't "turn over" in the interlocking printing process. What's more, printing materials and processes will bring forth new ideas, and inspiration will continue to knock on the ceiling of creativity. You can't hold your hand to carry out printing experiments. Therefore, in the design of printing works, the sharing of printing experience is very important, especially the warning signs erected by predecessors in the sections where printing accidents occur frequently and the exploration strategies of extreme scenery. Come to our website for more relevant content http://www.xinfengyinshua.cn consulting service