For conventional printed matter, the usual printing method is lithography. Therefore, the printing method to be introduced below refers to lithography.

印刷方式可以划分为单色印刷和多色印刷，在一个印刷过程中，只在承印物上印刷一种墨色时称为单色印刷（包括单色和专色）。在一个印刷过程中，在承印物上印刷两种或两种以上墨色的称为多色印刷。就国内印刷企业现状而言，单色和双色印刷一般采用国产印刷机完成。

Printing methods can be divided into monochrome printing and multi-color printing. In a printing process, when only one ink color is printed on the substrate, it is called monochrome printing (including monochrome and spot color). In a printing process, printing two or more ink colors on the substrate is called multicolor printing. In terms of the current situation of domestic printing enterprises, monochrome and two-color printing are generally completed by domestic printing machines.

四色及四色以上印刷品和个别要求较高的两色印刷品一般采用进口印刷机来完成，因此从成本上讲，单色印刷品成本低，然后由低到高的顺序分别是专色、双色、四色及四色以上的印刷品。

Four color and above prints and some two-color prints with high requirements are generally completed by imported printing machines. Therefore, in terms of cost, the cost of monochrome prints is low, and then the order from low to high is spot color, two-color, four-color and above prints.

印刷品是采用单色、双色、四色或四色以上的哪种印刷方式，可按以下各种印刷方式的特点来决定。

The printing method of monochrome, two-color, four-color or more can be determined according to the characteristics of the following printing methods.

一．单色印刷：

1、 Monochrome printing:

1．黑白单色：通常在承印物上只印黑色的印刷方式，称为黑白印刷。由于纸张的颜色通常为白色，为方便阅读，所以以黑白印刷的印刷品居多。黑白印刷还具有物美价廉的特点，故目前是印刷业中普遍的印刷方式。黑白印刷适用于以文字和线条图为主的印刷品。

1. Black and white monochrome: the printing method that usually prints only black on the substrate is called black and white printing. Because the color of the paper is usually white, in order to facilitate reading, most of the printed matter is printed in black and white. Black and white printing also has the characteristics of high quality and low price, so it is a common printing method in the printing industry. Black and white printing is suitable for printed materials dominated by text and line drawings.

2．专色印刷：通常在承印物上只印除黑色以外一种颜色的印刷方式，称为专色印刷。如印蓝色、红色、绿色或特殊单一颜色（专色）。近几年为节约成本，同时也为使书刊看起来美观、活泼、有彩色的效果，专色印刷也被广泛采用。在专色印刷中，为进一步增强彩色的效果，一本书中可同时交叉采用几种不同的专色进行印刷，采用这种方式印刷，则对排版、拼版和印刷的要求较高，每一个环节都要把握这样一个原则，即在同一块印版上的内容（页码）只能采用同一种颜色印刷，否则这种方式就失去了意义。专色印刷的成本较黑白印刷相对要高些。

2. Spot color printing: usually, only one color other than black is printed on the substrate, which is called spot color printing. Such as blue, red, green or special single color (spot color). In recent years, spot color printing has also been widely used in order to save costs and make books and periodicals look beautiful, lively and colorful. In spot color printing, in order to further enhance the effect of color, a book can be printed with several different spot colors at the same time. Printing in this way requires higher requirements for typesetting, composition and printing. Each link should grasp the principle that the content (page number) on the same printing plate can only be printed in the same color, Otherwise, this way will lose its meaning. The cost of spot color printing is relatively higher than that of black-and-white printing.

二．双色印刷：

2、 Two color printing:

双色印刷适用于版式活泼、图文对比突出的一般性科普图书、中小学教材和简单宣传印刷品等。它的特点是：有彩色效果且成本相对较低，对纸张要求也不是很高，一般选用胶版纸、轻型纸即可。

Two color printing is suitable for general popular science books, primary and secondary school textbooks and simple publicity prints with lively layout and prominent graphic comparison. It is characterized by color effect, relatively low cost and low requirements for paper. Offset paper and light paper are generally used.

三．四色及四色以上印刷：

3、 Four color and above printing:

四色印刷能很好的再现作品的艺术效果，对排版、软片（菲林、胶片）、印版、油墨、设备、操作人员等要求较高，成本也较高。四色印刷适用于文中有大量以色彩图片为住的中、高档印刷品。如宣传册、画册及封面等。应该说，选定了印刷品采用几色印刷，就为排版方式的选择，纸张的选用奠定了基础。此外，胶印印刷按机械化程度又分为平张印刷和轮转印刷，平张印刷的特点是节约纸张，但是相对轮转印刷较慢，轮转印刷的特点是纸张损耗较平张印刷大，但印刷速度快，且印刷完成后顺带折页工作也同时完成，轮转印刷一般适宜于印数在1万以上，出版时间要求较短的印刷品。近年来，八色大幅面轮转印刷机的大量引入，不仅丰富了期刊杂 志和教材的印刷市场，对平张四色胶印机在价 格和工期上也带来了不小的冲击。

Four color printing can well reproduce the artistic effect of works. It has high requirements for typesetting, film (film, film), printing plate, ink, equipment and operators, and high cost. Four color printing is suitable for medium and high-grade prints with a large number of color pictures in the text. Such as brochures, picture albums and covers. It should be said that the selection of several colors for printing has laid a foundation for the selection of typesetting methods and paper. In addition, offset printing is divided into flat sheet printing and rotary printing according to the degree of mechanization. Flat sheet printing is characterized by saving paper, but it is slower than rotary printing. Rotary printing is characterized by greater paper loss than flat sheet printing, but the printing speed is fast, and the accompanying folding work is completed at the same time after printing. Rotary printing is generally suitable for printing more than 10000, Printed matter requiring shorter publication time. In recent years, a large number of eight color large format wheel transfer printing machines have been introduced, which not only enriches the printing market of journals, magazines and teaching materials, but also has a great impact on the price and construction period of flat four-color offset press.

四．数字印刷：

4、 Digital printing:

数字印刷不同于胶版印刷，是一种无软片、无印版、无压力的印刷方式。数字印刷实现了印前和印刷的一步到位，不存在印前成本的分担问题，所以，无论是印刷多少张，都不会影响单页成本，它适用于按需印刷、个性化印刷和异地印刷，它适用于印数在200册以内的短版印刷品。由于此印刷方式的数字油墨和墨粉加工复杂，成本较高，加之需要的操作人员素质较高，所以数字印刷的单位价 格还较高。

Digital printing is different from offset printing. It is a printing method without film, plate and pressure. Digital printing realizes one step of prepress and printing, and there is no problem of sharing prepress cost. Therefore, no matter how many copies are printed, it will not affect the single page cost. It is suitable for on-demand printing, personalized printing and remote printing, and it is suitable for short print with less than 200 copies. Due to the complex processing of digital ink and toner, high cost and high quality of operators, the unit price of digital printing is still high.